Example: stock market
Hashcash
Found 3 free book(s)Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
bitcoin.orgof-work system similar to Adam Back's Hashcash [6], rather than newspaper or Usenet posts. The proof-of-work involves scanning for a value that when hashed, such as with SHA-256, the hash begins with a number of zero bits. The average work required is exponential in the number of zero bits required and can be verified by executing a single hash.
Research Perspectives and Challenges for Bitcoin and ...
spia.princeton.eduThe latter, Hashcash, was an alternative to using digital micropayments (e.g., NetBill [110] and Karma [121]). Proof-of-work was also used to detect sybil nodes in distributed peer-to-peer consensus protocols [7], similar to its current use in Bitcoin consensus.
比特币：一种点对点的电子现金系统
satoshinakamoto.me一样工作是不够的，我们还需要一个类似于亚当·柏克（Adam Back）提出的哈希现金（Hashcash） 6。在进行随机散列运算时，工作量证明机制引入了对某一个特定值的扫描工作，比方说SHA‐256 下，随机散列值以一个或多个0 开始。