1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE FUNDAMENTALS

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BASIC CONCEPTSMost of this material is a review of general chemistry. You might find it helpful to keep a general chemistrytextbook available for reference purposes throughout the organic chemistry following diagram summarizes the basic facts of the STRUCTURE of the nucleus is the center of mass (A), butdoes not significantly contribute to is made up of:PROTONS: Mass = 1 amu, charge = +1NEUTRONS: Mass = 1 amu, charge = 0ELECTRONSThe electronic cloud determines the size, orvolume, of the atom, but does not significantlycontribute to massELECTRONS: Mass = .0005 amu, charge = -1Electrons are found outside the nucleusThey occupy orbitalsThey are the units of negative chargeThey determine the ATOMIC number (Z)The ATOMIC number determines the atom s identityElectronic cloudNucleusA simplified view of the hydrogenatom, which consists of only oneelectron outside the nucleus. Thenucleus contains only one protonand no neutrons.

THE FOUR QUANTUM NUMBERS The quantum numbers are parameters that describe the distribution of electrons in the atom, and therefore its fundamental nature.

  Structure, Fundamentals, Atomic, Atomic structure fundamentals