Chapter 1

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ArtificialIntelligenceChapter1Chapter11O utline}Whatis AI?}A briefhistory}Thestateof theartChapter12Whatis AI?Systemsthatthinklike humansSystemsthatthinkrationallySystemst hatactlike humansSystemsthatactrationallyChapter13A ctinghumanly:TheTuringtestTuring(1950)\C omputingmachineryandintelligence":}\Canm achinesthink?" !\Canmachinesbehaveintelligently?"}Opera tionaltestfor intelligentbehavior: theImitationGameAI SYSTEMHUMAN? HUMANINTERROGATOR}Predictedthatby 2000 ,a machinemighthavea 30%chanceoffoolinga lay personfor 5 minutes}Anticipatedall major argumentsagainstAI in following50years}Suggestedmajor componentsof AI:knowledge,reasoning,languageunderstan ding,learningProblem:Turingtestis notreproducible,constructive, oramenabletomathematicalanalysisChapter1 4Thinkinghumanly:Cognitive Science1960s\cognitiverevolution": information-processingpsychologyreplaced prevailingorthodoxy ofbehaviorismRequiresscienti ctheoriesof internalactivitiesof thebrain{ Whatlevelof abstraction?\Knowledge" or \circuits"?

} Predicted that by 2000, a machine might have a 30% chance of fooling a lay person for 5 minutes} Anticipated all major arguments against AI in following 50 years} Suggested major components of AI: knowledge, reasoning, language understanding, learning Problem: Turing test is not reproducible, constructive, or amenable to mathematical analysis

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