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Chapter 14

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Chapter14MODULATIONINTRODUCTIONAswehaves eeninpreviousthreechapters, ,thesourceinformationisimpresseduponacar rier-wave(essentiallyasinusoidofacertain frequency) ( ,audio,voltagepulsetraincarryingdigitali nformation) forexample,therepresentationofsampledsig nalsbytheamplitude, (2,6,9)thatwecanwritethissinusoidalcarri ersignalas:c(t)=Acos(2 fct+ )( )Here,Aiscalledtheamplitudeand ,dataareusedtomodulateorchangeitsamplitu de,frequency, , (digitalmodulation) ,wealsodescribeaspecialcaseofdigitalmodu lationthatisveryimportantfortransmission ofinformationusingmodems quadratureamplitudemodulation(QAM) atechniquecalled675676ThePhysicalLayerof CommunicationsSystemsorthogonalfrequency divisionmultiplexing(OFDM).

In analog modulation, the characteristics of the modulated sinusoid (such as amplitude, frequency or phase) can take a continuum of values depending on the source of the information. The two common forms of analog modulation are amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) which is specific form of more general angle modulation ...

  Modulation

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