CHAPTER 4 FLOW IN CHANNELS - MIT OpenCourseWare

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CHAPTER 4 FLOW IN CHANNELS introduction 1 Flows in conduits or CHANNELS are of interest in science, engineering, and everyday life. Flows in closed conduits or CHANNELS , like pipes or air ducts, are entirely in contact with rigid boundaries. Most closed conduits in engineering applications are either circular or rectangular in cross section. Open-channel flows, on the other hand, are those whose boundaries are not entirely a solid and rigid material; the other part of the boundary of such flows may be another fluid, or nothing at all. Important open-channel flows are rivers, tidal currents, irrigation canals, or sheets of water running across the ground surface after a rain. 2 In both closed conduits and open CHANNELS , the shape and area of the cross section of the flow can change along the stream; such flows are said to be nonuniform. Flows are those that do not change in geometry or flow characteristics from cross section to cross section are said to be uniform.

CHAPTER 4 FLOW IN CHANNELS INTRODUCTION 1 Flows in conduits or channels are of interest in science, engineering, and everyday life. Flows in closed conduits or channels, like pipes or air ducts, are entirely in contact with rigid boundaries. Most closed conduits in engineering applications are either circular or rectangular in cross section.

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