CHAPTER 4 FLOW IN CHANNELS - MIT OpenCourseWare
CHAPTER 4 FLOW IN CHANNELS INTRODUCTION 1 Flows in conduits or CHANNELS are of interest in science, engineering, and everyday life. Flows in closed conduits or CHANNELS , like pipes or air ducts, are entirely in contact with rigid boundaries. Most closed conduits in engineering applications are either circular or rectangular in cross section. Open- channel flows, on the other hand, are those whose boundaries are not entirely a solid and rigid material; the other part of the boundary of such flows may be another fluid, or nothing at all. Important open- channel flows are rivers, tidal currents, irrigation canals, or sheets of water running across the ground surface after a rain.
down a plane is more relevant to natural Earth-surface settings (sheet floods come to mind), and it serves as a good reference for river flows. 4 The first section looks at laminar flow in a planar open channel, to derive expressions for the distributions of …
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