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data Visualization with RRob Kabacoff2018-09-032ContentsWelcome7Prefa ce9How to use this book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Prequisites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 data Importing data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleaning data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Introduction to A worked example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Placing thedataandmappingoptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graphs as objects.

dplyr summarize summarize data dplyr group_by identify subgroups for further processing tidyr gather convert wide format dataset to long format tidyr spread convert long format dataset to wide format. 1.2. CLEANING DATA 13 Examples in this section will use the starwars dataset from the dplyr package. The dataset provides

  Data, Visualization, Summarize, Data visualization, Summarize summarize data