INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL Module 7 Process Controls
Department of EnergyFundamentals HandbookINSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLModule 7Process ControlsblankProcess ControlsTABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF ivLIST OF OF CONTROL 2Automatic CONTROL 4Functions of Automatic 4Elements of Automatic 4Feedback 6CONTROL LOOP 7Feedback CONTROL System Block 9Process Time 13Stability of Automatic CONTROL 16TWO POSITION CONTROL 17Two Position 18Example of Two Position 19Modes of Automatic 21PROPORTIONAL CONTROL 22Control 22Proportional 22Example of a Proportional Process CONTROL 27Rev. 0Page iIC-07TABLE OF CONTENTSProcess ControlsTABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)RESET (INTEGRAL) CONTROL 28Reset CONTROL (Integral).............................. ........... 28Definition of Integral 28Example of an Integral Flow CONTROL 29Properties of Integral 32PROPORTIONAL PLUS RESET CONTROL 33Proportional Plus 33Example of Proportional Plus Reset 34Reset 36PROPORTIONAL PLUS RATE CONTROL 37Definition of Derivative 37Example of Proportional Plus Rate 42PROPORTIONAL-INTEGRAL-DERIVATIVE CONTROL 43Proportional Plus Reset Plus Rate Controller 47Control 47Self-Balancing CONTROL 53IC-07Page iiRev.
controls greatly reduce the burden on the operator and make his or her job manageable. Process variables requiring control in a system include, but are not limited to, flow, level, temperature, and pressure. Some systems do not require all of their process variables to be controlled. Think of a central heating system.
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