Particle Physics - Lecture Notes

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Oxana Smirnova Particle Physics Department2001 Spring SemesterLund University Particle Physicsexperimental insighte+e- W+W- qqOxana SmirnovaLund University2 Basic conceptsParticle PhysicsI. Basic concepts Particle Physics studies the elementary building blocks of matter and interactions between them. Matter consists of particles and fields. particles interact via forces caused by fields. Forces are being carried by specific particles , called gauge [ gejdz] of nature:1) gravitational2) weak3) electromagnetic4) strongBasic conceptsParticle PhysicsOxana SmirnovaLund University 3 Forces of natureNameActs on:CarrierRangeStrengthStable systemsInduced reactionGravityall particlesgravitonlong Solar system Object fallingWeak forcefermionsbosons W and Z< mNone-decayElectromagnetismparticles with electric chargephotonlongAtoms, stonesChemical reactionsStrong forcequarks and gluonsgluonsmHadrons, nucleiNuclear reactionsF1r2 1039 1017 105 F1r2 1137 1015 1Oxana SmirnovaLund University4 Basic conceptsParticle PhysicsThe St

Oxana Smirnova Lund University 7 Basic concepts Particle Physics Units and dimensions The energy is measured in electron-volts: 1 eV ≈ 1.602 10-19 J 1 keV = 10 3 eV; 1 MeV = 10 6 eV; 1 GeV = 10 9 eV The Planck constant (reduced) is then:

  Physics, Particles, Particle physics