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SELECTIVE PERCEPTION

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CHAPTER1SELECTIVEPERCEPTION"Wedonotfirst see,thendefine,wedefinefirstandthensee." -WalterLippmann(citedinSnyder&Uranowitz, 1978) , , ,butaswillbecomeclear, , (1949).BrunerandPostmanpresentedpeoplewi thaseriesoffiveplayingcardsonatachis-tos cope(amachinethatcandisplaypicturesforve rybriefintervals), !BrunerandPostmanfoundthatittookpeoplemo rethanfourtimeslongertorecognizeatrickca rdthananor-malcard,andtheyfoundthatmostr eactionstotheincongruitycouldbecategoriz edasoneoffourtypes:dominance,compromise, disrup-tion, "perceptualdenial."Forexample,facedwitha blackthreeofhearts, ,formisdominantandcolorisassimilatedtopr iorexpectations,andinthesecondcase,color 1516PERCEPTION,MEMORY, 'sexperi-ment,27of28subjects(or96percent ofthepeople) ,someofBrunerandPostman' "greyish"fourofspades,orthataredsixofclu bswas"thesixofclubsilluminatedbyredlight "(remember,experi-mentalsubjectswereshow nthecardsonatachistoscope).HalfofBrunera ndPostman'ssubjectsshowedcompromiserespo nsestoredcards, , ,butwhenithappened, ,oneexperimentalsubjectexclaimed:"Idon't knowwhatthehellitisnow, 'saplayingcard.

is dominant and form is assimilated. In Bruner and Postman's experi­ ment, 27 of 28 subjects (or 96 percent ofthe people) showed dominance reactions at some point. Another reaction people had was to compromise. For instance, some ofBruner and Postman'ssubjects reported a red six ofspades as eithera purple six of spades or a purple six of hearts.

  Form, Selective, Perceptions, Selective perception

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