Test Reliability—Basic Concepts

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Test reliability Basic Concepts Samuel A. LivingstonJanuary 2018Research Memorandum ETS RM 18-01ETS Research Memorandum SeriesEIGNOR EXECUTIVE EDITORJames CarlsonPrincipal PsychometricianASSOCIATE EDITORSBeata Beigman KlebanovSenior Research ScientistHeather BuzickSenior Research ScientistBrent BridgemanDistinguished Presidential AppointeeKeelan EvaniniResearch DirectorMarna Golub-SmithPrincipal PsychometricianShelby HabermanDistinguished Research Scientist, EdusoftAnastassia LoukinaResearch ScientistJohn MazzeoDistinguished Presidential AppointeeDonald PowersPrincipal Research ScientistGautam PuhanPrincipal PsychometricianJohn SabatiniManaging Principal Research ScientistElizabeth StoneResearch ScientistRebecca ZwickDistinguished Presidential AppointeePRODUCTION EDITORSKim FryerManager, Editing ServicesAyleen GontzSenior EditorSince its 1947 founding, ETS has conducted and disseminated scientific research to support its products and services, and to advance the measurement and education fields.

test taker who is strong in the abilities the test is measuring will perform well on any edition of the test—but not equally well on every edition of the test. When a classroom teacher gives the students an essay test, typically there is only one rater—the teacher. That rater usually is the only user of the scores and is not concerned about

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