The Bandgap Reference - Engineering
A CirCuit for All SeASonSBehzad Razavi IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE Summer 2016 9SSince its inception in the late 1960s, the Bandgap circuit has served as an essential component in most inte-grated circuits. This simple, robust idea provides a temperature-indepen-dent (TI) voltage and a proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) current. In this article, we study the principles of Bandgap circuit Brief HistorySemiconductor technology does not directly offer any electric quantity that is nominally independent of the ambi-ent temperature. Thus, temperature independence has generally been envi-sioned in the form of combining two phenomena that have opposite tem-perature coefficients (TCs).
IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE Summer 2016 11 First, a CMOS op amp directly driv-ing the feedback resistors must deal with gain-power-stabil-ity trade-offs.
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