VISUAL STANDARDS

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THE ORGANTHE PERSONStructural change, atthe organ levelFunctional change atthe Organ levelSkills, Abilities (ADL)of the individualSocial, EconomicConsequencesEye HealthVisual FunctionsFunctional VisionQuality of LifeRange of Normal Vision(Near-)Normal VisionMild Vision LossModerate Vision LossSevere Vision LossLow VisionProfound Vision LossNear-Blindness(Near-)BlindnessBlindn essVISUALSTANDARDSASPECTS and RANGESof VISION LOSSwith Emphasis on Population Surveys Report prepared for the International Council of Ophthalmology at the 29th International Congress of Ophthalmology Sydney, Australia, April 2002Resolution adopted by the International Council of OphthalmologySydney, Australia, April 20, 2002 (1)WHEREAS lack of clarity about the appropriate use of the term Blindness has led to confusion about itsdefinition and to varying reports

Accurately defining visual acuity ranges is useless if the underlying visual acuity measurement is not standardized. Section 7 discusses this issue. The ETDRS protocol of the National Eye Institute is widely accepted as the “gold standard”. This protocol combines a logarithmic

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