Designing and Proportioning Normal Concrete Mixtures ...

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The process of determining required and specifiable char-acteristics of a Concrete mixture is called mix can include: (1) fresh Concrete properties;(2) required mechanical properties of hardened concretesuch as strength and durability requirements; and (3) theinclusion, exclusion, or limits on specific ingredients. Mixdesign leads to the development of a Concrete Proportioning refers to the process of deter-mining the quantities of Concrete ingredients, using localmaterials, to achieve the specified characteristics of theconcrete.

(portland cement, blended cement, fly ash, slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans). The water-cementitious material ratio selected for mix design must be the lowest value required to meet anticipated exposure conditions. Tables 9-1 and 9-2 show requirements for various expo-sure conditions. When durability does not control, the water-cementi-

  Glass, Fume, Natural, Silica, Silica fume, Fly ash, And natural pozzolans, Pozzolans