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1 Complex algebra and the complex plane - MIT Mathematics

Topic 1 NotesJeremy Orloff1 Complex algebra and the Complex planeWe will start with a review of the basic algebra and geometry of Complex numbers. Mostlikely you have encountered this previously in or MotivationThe equationx2= 1 has no real solutions, yet we know that this equation arises naturallyand we want to use its roots. So we make up a new symbol for the roots and call it acomplex symbols iwill stand for the solutions to the equationx2= 1. We willcall these new numbers Complex numbers. We will also write 1 = iNote: Engineers typically usejwhile mathematicians and physicists usei. We ll follow themathematical custom in numberiis called animaginary number.

1.4 The complex plane 1.4.1 The geometry of complex numbers Because it takes two numbers xand y to describe the complex number z = x+ iy we can visualize complex numbers as points in the xy-plane. When we do this we call it the complex plane. Since xis the real part of zwe call the x-axis thereal axis. Likewise, the y-axis is theimaginary axis ...

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