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2.1 Data: Types of Data and Levels of Measurement

data : Types of data and Levels of Measurement 1. Quantitative or Qualitative? ! Quantitative data consist of values representing counts or measurements Histogram of 'Year in School'. 40. " Variable: Year in school 30. Frequency 20. 10. 0. 1 2 3 4. class ! Qualitative (or non-numeric) data consist of values that can be placed into nonnumeric categories. " Variable: Political affiliation (rep, dem, ind). 2. Types of data ! Quantitative " Numerical values representing counts or measures. " Something we can `measure' with a tool or a scale or count.

Qualitative Data! Qualitative (two levels of qualitative data) " Nominal level (by name) ! No natural ranking or ordering of the data exists. ! e.g. political affiliation (dem, rep, ind) " Ordinal level (by order) ! Provides an order, but can’t get a precise mathematical difference between levels. " e.g. heat (low, medium, high)

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