21.7 HYDROLYSIS OF CARBOXYLIC ACID …

1004 CHAPTER 21 THE CHEMISTRY OF CARBOXYLIC acid substitution can be represented generally as follows, with E=an elec-trophilic group and Y= a nucleophilic group:The term acyl substitutioncomes from the fact that substitution occurs at the carbonyl carbonof an acyl group. In other words, an acyl group is transferred in Eq. between an LX anda LY group. The group LX might be the LCl of an acid chloride, the LOR of an ester, andso on; this group is substituted by another group LY. T h i s i s p r e c i s e l y t h e s a m e t y p e o f r e a c -tion as esterification of CARBOXYLIC acids (LX= LOH, ELY=HLOCH3; Sec. ).Acyl substitution reactions of CARBOXYLIC acid derivatives are the major focus of this nitriles are not carbonyl compounds, the C'N bond behaves chemically muchlike a carbonyl group.

21.7 HYDROLYSIS OF CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES 1005 Ester hydrolysis in aqueous hydroxide is called saponification because it is used in the production of soaps from fats (Sec. 21.12B). Despite its association with fatty-acid esters, the

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  Acid, Derivatives, Hydrolysis of carboxylic acid, Hydrolysis, Carboxylic, Hydrolysis of carboxylic acid derivatives

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