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377 The relationship between aging and criminal activity has been noted since the beginnings of criminology. For example, Adolphe Quetelet (1831/1984) found that the proportion of the population involved in crime tends to peak in adolescence or early adulthood and then decline with age. In contemporary times, the FBI s Uniform crime Report (UCR) arrest data (1935 1997), particularly the crime Index (homicide, robbery, rape, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, auto theft), document the consistency of the age effect on crime . They also reveal a long-term trend toward younger age- crime distributions in more modern times. Today, the peak age- crime involvement (the age group with the highest age-spe-cific arrest rate) is younger than 25 for all crimes reported in the FBI s UCR pro-gram except gambling, and rates begin to decline in the late teenage years for more than half of the UCR crimes.

the age-crime relationship, since aging itself is a biological, neurological, psycho-logical, and social process. Physical and neuropsychological development and aging over the life course (especially the early life course) set the parameters of possibility and limitation for behavior, including criminal behavior. The foundation of aging

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