Transcription of 3.0 Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment
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3.0 Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment
December 1997 Chapter 3: Methodology of EIA EIA for Developing Countries -1 Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment Changes in the practice of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and advances in information technology have greatly expanded the range of tools available to the EIA practitioner. For example, map overlay Methods , originally pioneered by McHarg (1971), have evolved into sophisticated Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Expert systems, a branch of artificial intelligence, have been developed to help in screening, scoping, developing terms of reference (TOR), and conducting preliminary assessments. These systems use comprehensive checklists, matrices, and networks in combination with hundreds of Impact rules developed by EIA experts.
An environmental change is the measurable change in physical and biological systems and environmental quality resulting from a development activity. An environmental impact is an estimate or judgement of the significance and value of environmental effects on physical, biological, social or economic environment.
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