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3.0 Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment

December 1997 Chapter 3: Methodology of EIA EIA for Developing Countries -1 Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment Changes in the practice of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and advances in information technology have greatly expanded the range of tools available to the EIA practitioner. For example, map overlay Methods , originally pioneered by McHarg (1971), have evolved into sophisticated Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Expert systems, a branch of artificial intelligence, have been developed to help in screening, scoping, developing terms of reference (TOR), and conducting preliminary assessments.

A factor is the basic element of analysis used in any method. In most methods, factors relate to some form of environmental impact. A factor index is a numerical value (e.g., from 0 to 1) representing impact or level of importance associated with a factor. Factor indices are used in all methods that use rules for aggregating impacts associated

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