Transcription of 3 Municipal Wastewater and Sludge Treatment
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3 Municipal Wastewater and Sludge Treatment
3 Municipal Wastewater and Sludge TreatmentAt Municipal Wastewater Treatment plants in the United States, raw Municipal wastewaterundergoes preliminary, primary, secondary, and in some cases, additional Treatment to yield treatedeffluent and a concentrated stream of solids in liquid, called Sludge . The Sludge is treated as requiredfor utilization or disposal, and additional Treatment of effluent may be needed to accommodate specificwater reuse practice of Municipal Wastewater Treatment evolved primarily to accommodate dis-chargeof treated effluent to surface waters, not to facilitate use of effluent on crops (see Chapter 2). Becausemunicipal Wastewater Treatment techniques are well established in the United States and becauseeffluent from some Municipal Wastewater Treatment facilities is discharged both to surface water andused to irrigate agricultural land, secondary or higher levels of Wastewater Treatment typically precedewastewater reuse in agriculture in the United States.
CONVENTIONAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES Municipal wastewater treatment typically comprises preliminary treatment, primary treat-ment, and secondary treatment. Secondary treatment is the United States national standard for effluent discharged to surface waters. A higher degree of treatment, termed here "advanced" or "tertiary"
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