Transcription of -37- NAMING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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-37- NAMING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
-37- NAMING ORGANIC (CnH2n + 2)FormulaNamecarbons (n)Number ofNumber ofcarbons (n)NameFormula(CnH2n + 2)12345678910 MethaneEthanePropaneButanePentaneHexaneH eptaneOctaneNonaneDecaneCH4C2H6C3H8C4H10 C5H12C6H14C7H16C8H18C9H20C10H22 Table 1 Straight-chain alkane (n-alkane) namesThe suffix -ane is added to the end of each name to show that the compound is an alkane. Thus,butane is the four-carbon alkane, heptane is the seven-carbon alkane, and so on. The names of the firstten alkanes, given in Table 1, should be memorized. Larger alkanes, such as icosane (C20H42), havemore complicated names and are outside the scope of this one hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane, the remaining part of the molecule is called an alkylgroup. Alkyl groups are named by replacing the -ane ending of the parent alkane by an -yl ending. Forexample, removing a hydrogen atom from methane gives the methyl group. Similarly, removal of ahydrogen from an end carbon of any n-alkane produces the series of straight-chain alkyl (n-alkyl)groups show in Table 2.
N.B.: A complex substituent is alphabetized under the first letter of its name. Branched alkyl groups On page 40, it was shown that straight-chain alkyl (n-alkyl) groups are formed by removal of a terminal (end) hydrogen atom from straight-chain alkanes. It …
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