4. Lipids - ESPEN

4. LipidsMETHODSL iterature SearchTimeframe: publications from 1992 2003, in addition rele-vant publications from 1971 and after 2003 were of publications: original paper, meta-analyses : Words: parenteral nutrition, lipid/fat emulsions, paediat-rics, lipoprotein lipase, free fatty emulsions are used in paediatric parenteralnutrition (PN) as a non-carbohydrate source of energyin a low volume and with low osmolarity. In addition theyprovide essential fatty acids. The use of lipid emulsionsdecreases CO2production compared with parenteralnutrition containing a high carbohydrate content (1 3).Net-nitrogen balance can be improved by the addition oflipid emulsions to PN solutions (1,4,5).Composition of MacronutrientsFat oxidation depends on the total energy intake andexpenditure, the total intake of carbohydrates and tri-glycerides and the carbohydrate/fat ratio administered((1,2) (LOE 1)).

of 150 to 200 mg/dl are frequently encountered (14,37). However, it seems reasonable to accept slightly higher triglyceride levels of 250 mg/dl during lipid infusion as

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