Transcription of 8 Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics
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8 Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics
8 Aristotle s Virtue EthicsJohn BowinUniversity of California, Santa Cruz, USAI ntroductionIf there was an ethical turn in Greek philosophy, it began with Socrates, who, unlike hispredecessors, shunned speculation about the natural world and focused exclusively on Ethics (Aristotle, 2).Hisbrandofethicsiswhatwenowcall virtueethics, which, as the name suggests, entails an interest in the character of a moral agent and howit relates to his overall wellbeing. In general, it asks the question how one should live one slife, with an eye to living well through managing one s character. Socrates student Plato(see Plato sSymposium)inheritedthisproject,asdidPla to sstudentAristotle,anditwasthedominant approach to Ethics for the European philosophical schools in the Hellenistic andRomanperiods, as well as for philosophers in Europe and in the Islamic world during theMiddle Ages. TheNicomachean Ethics ,Aristotle sseminaltreatiseonthesubject,wastrans-la ted into Arabic as early as the ninth centuryCE,andhadaprofoundinfluenceonmedi evalMuslim philosophers such as Alfarabi and Avicenna.
Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics 3 Hellenistic period, held honor and pleasure to be goods in themselves but excluded them from eudaimonia (Seneca, Ep. 71.18, 85.19; Cicero, Tusc.5.17).Onlygoodsofthesoullike understanding and virtue, they thought, could be parts of eudaimonia,whilegoodslike these, though intrinsically valuable, are incommensurably less …
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