Transcription of ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE S preferential …
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ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE S preferential …
15 ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE eparation of the components of a fluid can be effected by contacting them with a solid that has a preferential attraction for some of them. Such S processes are quantitatively significant when the specific surfaces of the solids are measured in hundreds of m*/g. Suitable materials are masses of numerous fine pores that were generated by expulsion of volatile substances. The most important adsorbents are activated carbon, prepared by partial volatilization or combustion of a carbonaceous body, and activated alumina, silica gel, and molecular sieves which are all formed by expulsion of water vapor from a solid. The starting material for silica gel is a coagulated silicic acid and that for molecular sieves is hydrated aluminum silicate crystals that end up as porous crystal structures. Porous glasses made by leaching with alkai have some application in chromatography. Physical properties of common adsorbents are listed in Tables and Representative manufacturing processes are represented on Figure The amount of ADSORPTION is limited by the available surface and pore volume, and depends also on the chemical natures of the fluid and solid.
15.2. ION EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIA 497 TABLE 15.2-(continued) (b) Typical Properties of Union Carbide Type X Molecular Sieves Ncniiiiinl piirv hilk I Irill ld IGpiililiriiiiii
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