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Agilent De-embedding and Embedding S-Parameter …
Application Note 1364-1 AgilentDe- Embedding and EmbeddingS-Parameter Networks Using aVector Network Analyzer2 IntroductionTraditionally RF and microwave com-ponents have been designed in pack-ages with coaxial interfaces. Complexsystems can be easily manufacturedby connecting a series of these sepa-rate coaxial devices. Measuring theperformance of these componentsand systems is easily performed withstandard test equipment that usessimilar coaxial interfaces. However, modern systems demand ahigher level of component integra-tion, lower power consumption, andreduced manufacturing cost. RFcomponents are rapidly shiftingaway from designs that use expen-sive coaxial interfaces, and are mov-ing toward designs that use printedcircuit board and surface mounttechnologies (SMT). The traditionalcoaxial interface may even be elimi-nated from the final product.
flow graphs RF and microwave networks are often characterized using scattering or S-parameters.4 The S-parameters of a network provide a clear physi-cal interpretation of the transmis-sion and reflection performance of the device. The S-parameters for a two-port network are defined using the reflected or emanating waves, b1 and b2,as the ...
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