Agilent De-embedding and Embedding S-Parameter …

Application Note 1364-1 AgilentDe- Embedding and EmbeddingS-Parameter Networks Using aVector Network Analyzer2 IntroductionTraditionally RF and microwave com-ponents have been designed in pack-ages with coaxial interfaces. Complexsystems can be easily manufacturedby connecting a series of these sepa-rate coaxial devices. Measuring theperformance of these componentsand systems is easily performed withstandard test equipment that usessimilar coaxial interfaces. However, modern systems demand ahigher level of component integra-tion, lower power consumption, andreduced manufacturing cost. RFcomponents are rapidly shiftingaway from designs that use expen-sive coaxial interfaces, and are mov-ing toward designs that use printedcircuit board and surface mounttechnologies (SMT).

can easily the measure the S-para-meters of a two-port device. Figure 3. Definition of a two-port S-Parameter network Another way to represent the S-para-meters of any network is with a signal flow graph (Figure 4). A flow graph is used to represent and analyzethe transmitted and reflect-ed signals from a network. Directed

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