Transcription of An Introduction to Thermal Physics
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,withattribution, ,includingre-postingonanypublicWebsite, ,exceptforfiguresthatareattributedtoothe rsources, 2000, ,mechanically,anddi usivelywithitsenvironment exchangingenergy,volume, , 2000, ,whichmeasuretheexpansionofmercury(forhi ghertemperatures)andalcohol(forlowertemp eratures).Thedialthermometertotherightme asurestheturningofacoilofmetal, ajunctionoftwometals scones, 2000, ( C)Pressure (atmospheres) 200 ( ).Thethreedatasetsareforthreedi erentamountsofgas(air) ,thepressureisalinearfunctionoftemperatu rethatextrapolatestozeroatapproximately 280 C.(Moreprecisemeasurementsshowthatthezer o-pointdoesdependslightlyontheamountofga s,buthasawell-definedlimitof Casthedensityofthegasgoestozero.)
and alcohol (for lower temperatures). The dial thermometer to the right measures the turning of a coil of metal, while the bulb apparatus behind it measures the pressure of a fixed volume of gas. The digital thermometer at left-rear uses a thermocouple—a junction of two metals—which generates a small temperature-dependent voltage.
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