Transcription of Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin - ONS
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Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin - ONS
1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin Paul Kolarsick, BS, Maria Ann Kolarsick, MSN, ARNP-C, and Carolyn Goodwin, APRN-BC, FNPCHAPTER 1 IntroductionThe skin is the largest organ of the body, accounting for about 15% of the total adult body weight. It performs many vital functions, including protection against external physical, chemical, and biologic assailants, as well as prevention of ex-cess water loss from the body and a role in thermoregulation. The skin is continuous, with the mucous membranes lining the body s surface (Kanitakis, 2002). The integumentary system is formed by the skin and its derivative structures (see Figure 1-1). The skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and subcutaneous tissue (Kanitakis, 2002). The outermost level, the epidermis, consists of a specific constellation of cells known as keratinocytes, which function to synthesize keratin, a long, threadlike protein with a protective role.
the dermis. These basal cells form a single layer and adhere to one another as well as to more superficial squamous cells through desmosomal junctions (Murphy, 1997). Other dis-tinguishing features of the basal cells are their dark-staining oval or elongated nuclei and the presence of melanin pigment transferred from adjoining melanocytes (Murphy).
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