Transcription of AP Biology Study Guide
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AP Biology Study Guide
AP Biology Study Guide *. UNIT I. CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY. I. CHEMISTRY: THE BASIS FOR LIFE. A. ELEMENTS. Almost everything around us can be broken down into simpler substances. These substances can be further broken down into other simpler substances. There is a point where substances can no longer be broken down into other substances while keeping their characteristic properties. These substances are called elements. There are currently 106 named elements (92 naturally occurring), but this number is increasing because more man made elements are being created in laboratories. From these 92 naturally occurring elements, only 20 are necessary for life. Of these 20 life elements, 6. make up 99% of all living matter: Sulfur, Phosphorous, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon and Hydrogen (SPONCH, mnemonic device). Living organisms still need the other 14 elements, but in smaller amounts.
A salt is a substance in which the H+ of an acid is replaced by another positively charged ion. HCl+Na NaCl and H+ 4. pH The acidity of alkalinity (base) is known as pH (from the term pouvoir Hydrogene meaning hydrogen power). pH formula: pH = -log [H+] If pH=6 then the concentration of H+ per liter is 10-6 in a solution. The pH scale goes from ...
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