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BASIC CONCEPTS OF LOGIC - UMass

BASIC CONCEPTS OF LOGIC 1. What is LOGIC ? ..2 2. Inferences and Arguments ..2 3. Deductive LOGIC versus Inductive LOGIC ..5 4. Statements versus 5. Form versus 6. Preliminary 7. Form and Content in Syllogistic 8. Demonstrating Invalidity Using the Method of Counterexamples ..13 9. Examples of Valid Arguments in Syllogistic LOGIC ..19 10. Exercises for Chapter 11. Answers to Exercises for Chapter 2 Hardegree, Symbolic LOGIC 1. WHAT IS LOGIC ? LOGIC may be defined as the science of reasoning. However, this is not to suggest that LOGIC is an empirical ( , experimental or observational) science like physics, biology, or psychology. Rather, LOGIC is a non-empirical science like mathematics. Also, in saying that LOGIC is the science of reasoning, we do not mean that it is concerned with the actual mental (or physical) process employed by a thinking entity when it is reasoning.

Reasoning is a special mental activity called inferring, what can also be called making (or ... one conclusion-marker – the word ‘therefore’. Besides ‘therefore’, there are other ... correct either; they are just plain unreasonable. Suppose you flunk intro logic, and suppose that on the basis of this you conclude that it will be a ...

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Chapter 1: Basic Concepts 3 treats all of these things in terms of a single sort of thing – statements . Logic corre-spondingly treats inferences in terms of collections of statements, which are called

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BASIC CONCEPTS OF LOGIC - UMass

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