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BASIC HEAT TRANSFER AND SOME APPLICATIONS IN …

1 BASIC heat TRANSFER AND SOME APPLICATIONS IN POLYMER PROCESSING (A version of this was published as a book chapter in Plastics Technician s Toolbox, Volume 2, Pages 21-33, SPE 2002) John Vlachopoulos and David Strutt heat TRANSFER is a branch of engineering science which seeks to determine the rate of energy TRANSFER between bodies as a result of temperature differences. The concept of rate is the BASIC difference between heat TRANSFER and thermodynamics. Thermodynamics deals with systems in equilibrium and is concerned with the amount of heat required to change a system from one state to another. Thermodynamics does not answer the question of how fast a change is accomplished. It is the science of heat TRANSFER that deals with this question. BASIC CONCEPTS The terms temperature and heat are understood intuitively.

The efficiency of heat engines is higher if the heat source has higher temperature. However, all such actual devices have low efficiencies (e.g. combustion engines for cars, no more than 35%). In other words, only about 1/3 of the energy in gasoline goes to useful work (motion of the car). The rest is wasted due to thermodynamic implications.

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