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Basic Soil Properties - Purdue Agriculture

Basic soil Properties soil & Water: Basic soil Properties 2 Agronomy 105 Three Categories of soil Properties Physical: texture (proportions of sand, silt and clay), structure, bulk density, moisture, infiltration, porosity Chemical: nutrient content, salinity, pH, organic matter, mineral content (parent material) Biological: activity of microbes (bacteria, fungi), biomass, biodiversity, biological activity soil & Water: Basic soil Properties 3 Agronomy 105 Major soil Components Organic Matter5%Minerals45%Water25%Air25% soil & Water: Basic soil Properties 4 Agronomy 105 soil Descriptors Texture: Relative proportion of sand, silt, and clay in the soil Structure: Forms the soil takes as particles clump together Peds: Structural units of soil Bulk Density: A soil s weight per volume Horizon: Layer of soil with somewhat uniform color, texture, and structure Profile: Vertical soil section showing layers of dev

Agronomy 105 Soil & Water: Basic Soil Properties 22 Soil Aggregates •Secondary units or granules held together by organic substances, iron oxides, clays, carbonates, etc. •Aggregate Stability - Ability of soil aggregates to resist disintegration when forces associated with tillage and water or wind erosion are applied. (NRCS, 2008)

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