Battery Electric Vehicles vs. Internal Combustion Engine ...

Battery Electric Vehicles vs. Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles A United States-Based Comprehensive Assessment Contents Executive Summary 1. Summary of Findings 4. Introduction to BEVs 5. Economic Assessment: Total Cost of Ownership 7. Total Cost of Ownership and True vehicle Cost 8. Environmental Assessment: Global Warming Potential 11. Environmental Assessment: Secondary Environmental Impacts 14. Alternative Views 16. Technology Forecast: BEVs and ICEVs in 2025 21. Conclusion 25. References 26. Appendices 28. Authors: John W. Brennan Timothy E. Barder, Managing Director, Arthur D. Little, Manager, Arthur D. Little, Strategy & Organization, Boston Strategy & Organization, Boston The authors acknowledge Hui Zhao, Tom Parish, Brian St. Amand, and Mike Gourd for their assistance in preparing this report. Battery Electric Vehicles vs. Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles Executive Summary A United States-Based Comprehensive leveraged this information to model the 2025 TCO, GWP, and Secondary Environmental Impacts for BEVs and ICEVs.

Battery Electric Vehicles vs. Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles 3 impact of car ownership. As detailed in a recent series of investiga - tive reports by the Washington Post, much of the cobalt and

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