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BETA-ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISTS (BETA-BLOCKERS)

1 DRUG CLASSES Beta- blockers have been widely used in the management of angina, certain tachyarrhythmias and heart failure, as well as in hypertension. Examples Acebutolol Atenolol Bisoprolol Carvedilol Celiprolol Labetalol Metoprolol Nadolol Nebivolol Oxprenolol Pindolol Sotalol Timolol Mechanism of action Beta- blockers antagonise the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation or circulating catecholamines at beta-adrenoceptors which are widely distributed throughout body systems.

Beta-blockers vary in the degree of elimination by the kidney or the liver, usually with extensive first-pass metabolism. Lipid-soluble beta-blockers, e.g. labetalol, metoprolol, pindolol and propranolol, typically depend upon hepatic metabolism for clearance, whereas water soluble beta-blockers e.g. atenolol are cleared by the kidney. Drugs

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DRUG CLASSES CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

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