Transcription of BONDING AND PROPERTIES
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BONDING AND PROPERTIES
Chapter 2 -1 ISSUES TO What promotes BONDING ? What types of bonds are there? What PROPERTIES are inferred from BONDING ? BONDING AND PROPERTIESC hapter 2 -2 Atomic Structure (Freshman Chem.) atom electrons x 10-31kgprotonsneutrons atomic number= # of protons in nucleus of atom= # of electrons of neutral species A [=] atomic mass unit= amu = 1/12 mass of 12 CAtomic wt= wt of x 1023molecules or atoms1 amu/atom = 1g/molC etc.} x 10-27kgChapter 2 -3 Atomic Structure Valence electrons determine all of the following properties1)Chemical2)Electrical 3)Thermal4)OpticalChapter 2 -4 Electron Configurations Valence electrons those in unfilled shells Filled shells more stable Valence electrons are most available for BONDING and tend to control the chemical PROPERTIES example: C (atomic number = 6)1s22s22p2valence electronsChapter 2 -5 The Periodic Table Columns:Similar ValenceStructureAdapted from Fig. , Callister elements:Readily give up electronsto become + elements:Readily acquire electronsto become - up 1egive up 2egive up 3einert gasesaccept 1eaccept 2eOSeTePoAtIBrHeNeArKrXeRnFClSLiBeHNaMgB aCsRaFrCaKScSrRbYChapter 2 -6 Ionic bond metal+ nonmetaldonates acceptselectrons electronsDissimilar electronegativities ex: MgOMg1s22s22p63s2O1s22s22p4[Ne] 3s2Mg2+1s22s22p6O2-1s22s22p6[Ne] [Ne] Chapter 2 -7 Occurs between + and - ions.
Crystal Systems. 7 crystal systems. 14 crystal lattices. Fig. 3.4, Callister 7e. Unit cell: smallest repetitive volume which contains the complete lattice pattern of a crystal. a, b, and . c. are the lattice constants
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