Transcription of carbonyl fundamentals - UCLA
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carbonyl fundamentals - UCLA
Table Note: Imines are not included in this tablehowever they have similar chemistry to aldehydesbecause the functional groups share manysimilarities. Both contain a pi bond between acarbon and heteroatom. In addition both canundergo the three fates: nucelophilic attach,electrophilic attach, and enolate Diagrams: fundamentals (All information and examples borrowed from Chem. 14D Thinkbook for Fall2006, Dr. Hardinger s Lecture Recordings and Paula Yurkanis Bruce sOrganic Chemistry 4th edition, unless otherwise indicated) carbonyl - the functional group is comprised of a carbon atomdouble-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). The various types ofcarbonyl containing functional groups are listed in the table on theright. Carbonyls can function as both a nucleophile and an electrophile. The polarity of the carbon-oxygen bond causes there to be apartial positive charge on the carbon atom and a partialnegative charge on the oxygen atom.
o Nucleophilic Carbonyl Substitution: LG is present. Occurs with ester, amide, anhydride, and acid chloride functional groups. Accept electrophile (usually H+) at oxygen
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