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Carboxylic Acids

Ch20 Carboxylic Acids (landscape).docx Page 1 Carboxylic Acids When a carbonyl carbon also bears a hydroxyl group, then these compounds are appreciably acidic, and are called Carboxylic Acids . Carboxylic Acids are classified according to the substituent that is bonded to the carboxyl carbon: Aliphatic Acids have an alkyl group bound to the carboxyl group. An aromatic acid has an aryl group bound to the carboxyl group. The simplest acid is formic acid . A Carboxylic acid donates protons by the heterolytic cleavage of the O-H bond, generating a carboxylate ion.

Carboxylic acid derivatives differ in the nature of the group bound to the acyl group. -OH is an acid-Cl is the acid chloride-OCOR' is the anhydride-OR' is the ester-NR 2 is the amide Nucleophilic acyl substitution can interconvert all of these different acid derivatives.

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