cause INDEPENDENT effect DEPENDENT - Academic Server

Variables: INDEPENDENT , DEPENDENT , Intervening As in all scientific research, the goal of research in sociology and criminal justice is to establish causal relationships between variables. In these endeavors, one variable is hypothesized to be the cause and the second variable is the effect . The term for the cause is the INDEPENDENT variable ; the term for the effect is the DEPENDENT variable . [Actually, this statement is an oversimplification of the definitions of these variables, as well as the complexities of their relationships. However, for the purposes of this course, we will treat these variables as they are presented here.] Once we have a basic understanding of INDEPENDENT and DEPENDENT variables, a question arises: in a research hypothesis, how do we tell which is the INDEPENDENT variable and which is the DEPENDENT variable .

Note that, in this example, the independent variable- gender- comes first in time, but not first in the sentence. The dependent variable- average annual income- is presented first and is

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  Causes, Dependent, Independent, Variable, Effect, Cause independent effect dependent, Dependent variable

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