Transcription of Cell Walls: Structure, Biogenesis, and Expansion
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Cell Walls: Structure, Biogenesis, and Expansion
ChapterCell Walls: Structure, Biogenesis, and ExpansionPLANT cells , UNLIKE ANIMAL cells , are surrounded by a rela-tively thin but mechanically strong cell wall. This wall consists of a com-plex mixture of polysaccharides and other polymers that are secreted bythe cell and are assembled into an organized network linked together byboth covalent and noncovalent bonds. Plant cell walls also contain struc-tural proteins, enzymes, phenolic polymers, and other materials thatmodify the wall's physical and chemical cell walls of prokaryotes, fungi, algae, and plants are distinctivefrom each other in chemical composition and microscopic structure, yetthey all serve two common primary functions: regulating cell volumeand determining cell shape.
become highly specialized in structure and composition, reflecting the differentiated state of the cell. Xylem cells, such as those found in wood, are notable for possessing highly thickened secondary walls that are strengthened by lignin (see Chapter 13). A thin layer of material, the middle lamella (plural
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