Transcription of CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION - USDA ARS
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1 Supervisory Agricultural Engineer and Research Leader, Agricultural Systems Research Unit, NorthernPlains Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 1500 North Central Ave., Sidney,MT 59270. E-mail: CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATIONR obert G. Evans1 INTRODUCTIONThe first Self-Propelled Sprinkling Irrigating Apparatus was invented in 1948 and patented in 1952 by FrankZybach in eastern Colorado. The early systems were the foundation of the development of modern self-propelledcenter PIVOT and linear move IRRIGATION systems. These very adaptable water application methods have experiencedtremendous growth around the world in recent years due to: 1) their potential for highly efficient and uniform waterapplications; 2) their high degree of automation requiring less labor than most other IRRIGATION methods; 3) large arealcoverage; and 4) their ability to economically apply water and water soluble nutrients over a wide range of soil, cropand topographic conditions.
Large volume end guns and corner systems may also be added to the end of a machine to increase the wetted area in the corners or to cover additional areas. Machines can be more than 4900 feet (1000 m) ... Water losses from spray heads near the top of the canopy typically range from 0-2% due to dropl et evaporation,
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