Transcription of Chapter 1
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ArtificialIntelligenceChapter1 Chapter11 Outline}Whatis AI?}A briefhistory}Thestateof theartChapter12 Whatis AI?Systemsthatthinklike humansSystemsthatthinkrationallySystemst hatactlike humansSystemsthatactrationallyChapter13 Actinghumanly:TheTuringtestTuring(1950)\ Computingmachineryandintelligence":}\Can machinesthink?" !\Canmachinesbehaveintelligently?"}Opera tionaltestfor intelligentbehavior: theImitationGameAI SYSTEMHUMAN? HUMANINTERROGATOR}Predictedthatby 2000,a machinemighthavea 30%chanceoffoolinga lay personfor 5 minutes}Anticipatedall major argumentsagainstAI in following50years}Suggestedmajor componentsof AI:knowledge,reasoning,languageunderstan ding,learningProblem:Turingtestis notreproducible,constructive, oramenabletomathematicalanalysisChapter1 4 Thinkinghumanly:Cognitive Science1960s\cognitiverevolution": information-processingpsychologyreplaced prevailingorthodoxy ofbehaviorismRequiresscienti ctheoriesof internalactivitiesof thebrain{ Whatlevelof abstraction?
Every art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good Chapter 1 7. ... 1956 Dartmouth meeting: \Arti cial Intelligence" adopted 1965 Robinson’s complete algorithm for logical reasoning 1966{74 AI discovers computational complexity
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