Chapter 1 Basic Principles of Programming Languages

1 Chapter 1 Basic Principles of Programming Languages Although there exist many Programming Languages , the differences among them are insignificant compared to the differences among natural Languages . In this Chapter , we discuss the common aspects shared among different Programming Languages . These aspects include: Programming paradigms that define how computation is expressed; the main features of Programming Languages and their impact on the performance of programs written in the Languages ; a brief review of the history and development of Programming Languages ; the lexical, syntactic, and semantic structures of Programming Languages , data and data types, program processing and preprocessing, and the life cycles of program development.

system in Germany in 1946. Zuse developed his Z-machines Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 in late 1930s and early 1940s, and the Plankalkül system was developed on the Z4 machine at ETH (Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule) in Zürich, with which Zuse designed a chess-playing program.

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