CHAPTER 1: LIQUID DENSITY MEASUREMENT

1-1 CHAPTER 1: LIQUID DENSITY MEASUREMENT Objective Calculate DENSITY and specific gravity of fluids using hydrometers, and investigate the dependence of these variables with temperature. Introduction LIQUID DENSITY is an important characteristic used to provide information concerning composition, concentration, mass flow in fuels, and caloric content. DENSITY is expressed as mass per unit volume but is often expressed in terms of specific gravity (SGliq), which is the ratio of the LIQUID DENSITY to the DENSITY of water both taken at the same temperature and pressure. T,PwliqliqSG ..(1-1) Petroleum industry frequently uses the specific gravity 60/60, which means that the densities of both, LIQUID and water were measured at 60oF (g/cm Fwo ) and atmospheric pressure. The petroleum industry uses another measure, degree API gravity, based on oil specific gravity at 60/60: (1-2) Note that the lighter the fluid the higher the API gravity.

1-6 Part1: Hydrometer. Place fluid sample in a cylinder. Measure the API gravity at room temperature using the appropriate hydrometer. Make sure to follow the instructions of a hydrometer given in this chapter. Use controlled temperature baths to raise the temperature of the fluid sample and take four or five measurements at different temperatures.

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  Fluid, Density

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