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Chapter 1 Units and Vectors: Tools for Physics

Chapter 1 Units and Vectors: Tools for The Important The SI SystemPhysics is based on measurement. Measurements are made by comparisons to well definedstandardswhich define theunitsfor our system(popularly known as themetric system) is the one used in Physics . Itsunit of length is the meter, its unit of time is the second and its unit of mass is the quantities in Physics are derived from these. For example the unit of energy is thejoule, defined by 1 J = 1kg a convenience in using the SI system we can associate prefixes with the basic Units torepresent powers of 10. The most commonly used prefixes are given here:FactorPrefixSymbol10 12pico-p10 9nano-n10 6micro- 10 3milli-m10 2centi-c103kilo-k106mega-M109giga-GOther basic Units commonly used in Physics are:Time: 1 minute = 60 s1 hour = 60 : 1 atomic mass unit = 1 u = 10 27kg12 Chapter 1. Units AND VECTORS: Tools FOR Changing UnitsIn all of our mathematical operations we mustalwayswrite down the Units and wealwaystreat the unit symbols as multiplicative factors.

Relations among the unit vectors for vector products are: i×j = k j×k = i k×i = j (1.10) 1.2. WORKED EXAMPLES 5 A B C A B C (a) (b) f Figure 1.3: (a) Finding the direction of A × B. Fingers of the right hand sweep from A to B in the shortest and least painful way. The extended thumb points in the direction of C. (b) Vectors A, B and C.

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