Chapter 10: Classification of Microorganisms

Chapter 10: Classification of Microorganisms2. Methods of Identification1. The Taxonomic Hierarchy1. The Taxonomic HierarchyPhylogenetic Tree of the 3 Domains TaxonomicHierarchy DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenus Species 8 successive taxaare used to classifyeach species:**species can also contain different strains** scientific Nomenclature To avoid confusion, every type of organism must be referred to in a consistent current system of nomenclature (naming) has been in use since the 18thcentury: every type of organism is referred by its genusnamefollowed by its specific epithet( , species name )Homo sapiens(H. sapiens)Escherichia coli (E. coli) names are Latin (or Latinized Greek) with the genusbeing a noun and the specific epithet an adjective name should be in italicsand only the genus is capitalizedwhich can also be abbreviated**strain info can be listed after the specific epithet ( , E. coli DH5 )**2. Methods of IdentificationBiochemical Testing In addition to morphological ( , appearance under the microscope)and differential staining characteristics, Microorganisms can also be identified by their biochemical signatures : the nutrient requirements and metabolic by-products ofof a particular microorganism different growth media can be used to test the physiological characteristics of a microorganism , medium with lactose only as energy source , medium that reveals H2S production**appearance on test medium reveals + or result!

Scientific Nomenclature To avoid confusion, every type of organism must be referred to in a consistent way. The current system of nomenclature (naming) has been in use since the 18th century: • every type of organism is referred by its genus name followed by its specific epithet (i.e., species name) Homo sapiens (H. sapiens) Escherichia coli ...

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