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Chapter 12 –Radioactivity

Chapter 12 Radioactivity Course Content Principle of Radioactivity Definition of radioactivity decay Half-life Types of Radiation Alpha, beta and gamma Isotopes Definition Applications Radioactivity History In 1896, Henri Becquerel discovered, almost by accident, that uranium can blacken a photographic plate, even in the dark. Uranium emits very energetic radiation - it is radioactive. Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) In 1903, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity". Image of Becquerel's photographic plate which has been fogged by exposure to radiation from a uranium salt. Then Marie and Pierre Curie discovered more radioactive elements including polonium and radium. She used the word radioactivity to describe the property of certain substances to give off invisible radiations that could be detected by films. Scientists soon realised that there were three different types of radiation.

Nuclear Equation – shows the radioactive decomposition of an element . N + C → 14 6 14 7 0-1. e • Nuclear Forces – strong nuclear force holds neutrons and protons together to form a nucleus (counters electromagnetic repulsion).

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