Transcription of Chapter 13: The Five Forces Behind Human Evolution
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Chapter 13: The Five Forces Behind Human Evolution
1998, 1999, 2000 Gregory CareyChapter 13: five Forces - 1 Chapter 13: The five Forces Behind Human EvolutionIntroductionFive different Forces have influenced Human Evolution : natural selection, randomgenetic drift, mutation, population mating structure, and culture. All evolutionary biologistsagree on the first three of these Forces , although there have been disputes at times about therelative importance of each force . The fourth and fifth Forces are new in the sense that theyare not explicated in more traditional texts. This is not an attempt to develop a new theory of Human Evolution . Instead, the Forces of population mating structure and cultureare arbitrary categorizations used to organize several different phenomena of humanevolution. Scientists agree on the phenomena themselves, although they do not alwaysorganize them the same of the five Forces will be explained in turn.
The ultimate effect of natural selection is to change allele frequencies. It operates only on what is already present in the genome of a species and makes some alleles (and combinations of alleles) more frequent and other less frequent. Nevertheless, the appearance, anatomy, and physiology of a species may change over time simply because
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