Transcription of Chapter 2: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
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Chapter 2: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
1 Chapter 21 Chapter 2: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding Materials Molecules Atoms Atoms = protons (p) + neutrons (n) + electrons (e) Protons and neutrons are made of quarks Quantitative measurements need units: metricor (SystemeInternational) or mks(meter-kilogram-second) unitsmeter (m) for lengthcubic meter (m3) for volumekilogram (kg) for massKelvin (K) for temperaturesecond (s) for timemole (mol) for amount of substanceChapter 22 Typical parameters: atoms are 10-27 Neutron+ 10-27 ProtonCharge (coulomb)Mass (kg) Nuclear radius is measured in 10-15m = fm Electron radii measured in = nm = 10-10m Fundamental charge = e = 10-19C2 Chapter The Structure of Atoms Atomic number ZIn neutralatom: # of protons = # of electrons = Atomic number ZValue of Z is different for each element H (Z = 1), O (Z = 8), Fe (Z = 26) IsotopesSame element (same Z) might have diff
3 Chapter 2 5 2.3 Electrons in Atoms • One of the first models: Bohr atom Bohr assumed that electrons orbited the nucleus due to Coulomb forces
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