Transcription of Chapter 2: Introduction to Electrodynamics
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Electrodynamics
Chapter 2: Introduction to Electrodynamics maxwell s differential equations in the time domain Whereas the Lorentz force law characterizes the observable effects of electric and magnetic fields on charges, maxwell s equations characterize the origins of those fields and their relationships to each other. The simplest representation of maxwell s equations is in differential form, which leads directly to waves; the alternate integral form is presented in Section The differential form uses the vector del operator : x + y +z ( ) x y z where x , y , and z are defined as unit vectors in cartesian coordinates. relations involving are summarized in Appendix D.
The constitutive relations for vacuum, D =ε0 E and B =μ0 H , can be generalized to D =εE , B =μH , and J =σE for simple media. Media are discussed further in Section 2.5. Maxwell’s equations require conservation of charge. By taking the divergence of Ampere’s law (2.1.6) and noting the vector identity ∇•∇(×A) =0 , we find:
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